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A Midsummer Night’s Dream, a bank of wild thyme

William Shakespeare published 1600 437 characters hard

I know a bank where the wild thyme blows, Where oxlips and the nodding violet grows, Quite over-canopied with luscious woodbine, With sweet musk-roses, and with eglantine. There sleeps Titania sometime of the night, Lull’d in these flowers with dances and delight; And there the snake throws her enamell’d skin, Weed wide enough to wrap a fairy in. And with the juice of this I’ll streak her eyes, And make her full of hateful fantasies.

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About this text

Oberon speaks these lines in A Midsummer Night’s Dream, printed in quarto in 1600. The play itself is usually dated to the middle of the 1590s. The list of plants, from oxlips to musk roses, is one of the fullest garden descriptions in the plays. Botanists have used it to argue about which flowers grew in Warwickshire hedges. Project Gutenberg carries the complete works.

Where this text comes fromThese lines are directions. A fairy king is telling a servant where to find a particular place, and the plants are how you identify it: thyme first, then oxlips, then violets, then the roses overhead. Read as instructions rather than as poetry the speech makes immediate practical sense, and that is why it works on stage, because the audience is being shown a map rather than offered a description. The plant names are specific enough that botanists have argued about which species he meant.

What you might not noticeThe compound over-canopied is set with a hyphen and runs thirteen characters, joining a preposition to a past participle in a way English no longer forms new words. Source

What it trainsThree apostrophes and two hyphens share 437 characters with seven commas and a semicolon, so four kinds of mark crowd a short passage, and the apostrophes all come from one key in your home row. It turns up three times, in Lull’d, enamell’d and I’ll, always where a letter has been cut out. Twelve capitals, nine of them opening a verse line rather than a sentence, because every line of the speech starts one. The longest word, over-canopied, carries its hyphen in the middle where the hand least expects it. Three sentences average twenty-five words.

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Read the full text at the publisher: Project Gutenberg

A curly-haired young man in a white pleated ruff, painted in an oval frame of pearls, Self-Portrait in Elizabethan Costume, Richard Cosway, 1790.
Wikimedia Commons
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Public domain status: published in 1600, more than 125 years ago. public domain, Project Gutenberg

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