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Prose

The Wind in the Willows, the river

Kenneth Grahame published 1908 410 characters hard

Never in his life had he seen a river before—this sleek, sinuous, full-bodied animal, chasing and chuckling, gripping things with a gurgle and leaving them with a laugh, to fling itself on fresh playmates that shook themselves free, and were caught and held again. All was a-shake and a-shiver—glints and gleams and sparkles, rustle and swirl, chatter and bubble. The Mole was bewitched, entranced, fascinated.

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About this text

The Mole reaches the river bank in the first chapter. Grahame knew the Thames near Cookham Dean and Pangbourne, and that stretch stands behind the book. The first edition appeared without illustrations, and the drawings readers know came later from other hands. Project Gutenberg carries the full text.

Where this text comes fromThe river is not described as water. It is described as an animal, and the metaphor is held for the entire passage: sleek, sinuous, full-bodied, chasing, chuckling, gripping and letting go. Nothing is said about depth, current or color, which is what a person would notice; everything said is what one creature notices about another. That choice is the reason the sentence keeps going, because a list of adjectives can stop but a living thing being watched cannot.

What you might not noticeThe passage sets the compound a-shiver with a hyphen and then runs it into the following word across a long dash, so a single unbroken string carries two joining marks that the printer distinguished and the keyboard does not. Source

What it trainsTen commas, three hyphens and two long dashes crowd into 410 characters, which makes this one of the densest punctuation loads on the shelf. Hyphens and long dashes appear within a few words of each other, in full-bodied on one hand and in the joined pairs on the other, and one plain hyphen serves them all: five strikes on that key across two sentences. Three sentences average under twenty-two words. Four capitals in total, one of them inside a sentence.

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Read the full text at the publisher: Project Gutenberg

An oil sketch of a low riverbank with yellow trees, a small house and tall white clouds, Low Tide, Shirehampton, by Philip Wilson Steer.
Wikimedia Commons
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Public domain status: the author died in 1932, so copyright has expired. public domain, Project Gutenberg

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